According the most recent statistics compiled by the Chicago Health Atlas, where you live and what you look like makes a difference in your life expectancy. If you live downtown, you are likely to live to the ripe old age of 88. But if you live in West Garfield Park, you’ll be lucky if you live to celebrate your 64th birthday. That’s a gap of 25 years!
Sadly, the life-expectancy gap can be found in most large cities. A pre-pandemic study of the 500 largest cities in the US by the Department of Public Health at NYU school of Medicine revealed similar large gaps in Washington DC, New York City, New Orleans and Buffalo. And the gap is most evident between Black and non-Black residents. In Chicago, the gap is currently 11 years.
So what’s the cause? Before you say, “Gun Violence!”, the largest contributor to the gap is actually chronic disease, which cuts off 4.7 years of life. Diseases such as diabetes and heart disease are the main killers. Dr. Simbo Ige, Chicago’s public health commissioner, isn’t surprised by the link between where a person lives and health outcomes. Maps of Chicago’s household income, demographics, unemployment, infant mortality, and food access consistently overlap with the life-expectancy map. (See the Chicago Health Atlas for access to dozens of maps related to health and wellness.) For the record, gun violence is also a contributing factor for shortened life-expectancy, but it is not enough to explain the 25-year gap between the loop and West Garfield Park. In poor, segregated communities of color, there is less income, less access to medical care, fewer job opportunities, and fewer healthy food options. As a result, people in those communities die younger.
Why should we care about the life-expectancy gap? God’s vision of “shalom” articulated by the prophet Isaiah includes a vision of a complete elimination of infant morality and extended life-expectancy. (See Isaiah 65:20) We often point to individual behaviors as the determinants of health and life-expectancy, but when we look at the data, it goes beyond whether a person choses to eat fruits and vegetables or doesn’t. We need to ask deeper questions about why the maps clearly overlap? And we need to talk about root causes of poverty and segregation and the social determinants of health.
The bottom line is that pre-mature death is preventable, but do we have the social and political will? According to Dr. Ige, it takes a long term commitment. “”Reversing these trends will require consistent, long-term commitment to increase access and uptake of health protective behaviors and resources,” she told Axios. In an interview with the Chicago Sun-Times, she added, “The challenge here is the failure of societal attention for those who are most impacted. There is a zero-sum mindset, like if we try and put additional resources and some support in communities that are more impacted, everybody else feels like it is taking something away from them.”
Unfortunately, reducing the life-expectancy gap also takes resources (ie funding). Since 2022, the city of Chicago has poured resources into long-neglected communities, and it is making a difference. But much of the funding came from Federal pandemic-era programs that have dried up. Proposed cuts to Medicaid and nutrition programs will only make reducing the life-expectancy gap challenging.
When Philip went to the Samaritan city, his proclamation and works of healing brought great joy to the city (Acts 8:5-8). We are called to be bearers of light and life wherever we go. Every act of love and mercy–no matter how small–is life-giving. Even a cup of water given in Jesus’s name makes a difference. Go, make a difference.